Goal-Directed Learning in Cortical Organoids.

Experimental neuroscience techniques are advancing rapidly, with major recent developments in high-density electrophysiology and targeted electrical stimulation. In combination with these techniques, cortical organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells show great promise as models of brain development and function. Although sensory input is vital to neurodevelopment , few studies have explored the effect of meaningful input to neural cultures over time.

RT-Sort: An action potential propagation-based algorithm for real time spike detection and sorting with millisecond latencies.

With the use of high-density multi-electrode recording devices, electrophysiological signals resulting from action potentials of individual neurons can now be reliably detected on multiple adjacent recording electrodes. Spike sorting assigns these signals to putative neural sources. However, until now, spike sorting can only be performed after completion of the recording, preventing true real time usage of spike sorting algorithms.

Pathological microcircuits initiate epileptiform events in patient hippocampal slices.

How seizures begin at the level of microscopic neural circuits remains unknown. High-density CMOS microelectrode arrays provide a new avenue for investigating neuronal network activity, with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. We use high-density CMOS-based microelectrode arrays to probe the network activity of human hippocampal brain slices from six patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in the presence of hyperactivity promoting media.

Human Neural Organoid Microphysiological Systems Show the Building Blocks Necessary for Basic Learning and Memory.

Brain Microphysiological Systems including neural organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells offer a unique lens to study the intricate workings of the human brain. This paper investigates the foundational elements of learning and memory in neural organoids, also known as Organoid Intelligence by quantifying immediate early gene expression, synaptic plasticity, neuronal network dynamics, and criticality to demonstrate the utility of these organoids in basic science research. Neural organoids showed synapse formation, glutamatergic and GABAergic receptor expression, immediate early gene expression basally and evoked, functional connectivity, criticality, and synaptic plasticity in response to theta-burst stimulation.

Nasal epithelial gene expression identifies relevant asthma endotypes in the ATLANTIS study.

Introduction: Asthma is an inflammatory airways disease encompassing multiple phenotypes and endotypes. Several studies suggested gene expression in nasal epithelium to serve as a proxy for bronchial epithelium, being a non-invasive approach to investigate lung diseases. We hypothesised that molecular differences in upper airway epithelium reflect asthma-associated differences in the lower airways and are associated with clinical expression of asthma.