Influence of phase and dominance on ground reaction forces and upper extremity muscle activity during the modified-Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test.

Background: The Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST) is a physical performance test designed to assess the upper extremity (UE) stability. However, only one outcome measure is provided for both UEs, limiting its application if the UEs are not similarly involved. Moreover, the changes in loads sustained by the support UE throughout the movement may influence the support UE stability.

"Actor-critic" dichotomous hyperactivation and hypoconnectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Dysfunctional response inhibition, mediated by the striatum and its connections, is thought to underly the clinical manifestations of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the exact neural mechanisms remain controversial. In this study, we undertook a novel approach by positing that a) inhibition is a dynamic construct inherently susceptible to numerous failures, which require error-processing, and b) the actor-critic framework of reinforcement learning can integrate neural patterns of inhibition and error-processing in OCD with their behavioural correlates.

Very low prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) gene deletion in the Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana tri-border.

Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) have been an important diagnostic tool for detecting P. falciparum malaria in resource-limited settings. Most tests are designed to detect the Histidine-rich Protein 2 (HRP2).

A new species of the electric fish Microsternarchus Fernández-Yépez 1968 (Gymnotiformes: Hypopomidae) from the lower Amazon basin, Brazil.

A new species of Microsternarchus is described from clear water streams in the lower Rio Amazonas basin, Brazil, increasing the known species in the genus to three. The new species is distinguished from congeners by a unique set of characters including an elongated caudal filament (35.1-36.

Higher levels of IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines in visceral leishmaniasis-HIV co-infected patients from Brazilian high endemic area.

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is an endemic disease in Latin America, and the clinical outcome worsens when a patient has HIV co-infection. In these patients, the immune response is complex and cytokines profile variable. We evaluate Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profile in VL/HIV patients from Brazilian high endemic area.