Death Mechanisms of Pulmonary Alveolocytes in Mice Infected with Influenza Viruses A/H1N1/California/04/2009 and A/H5N1/Goose/Krasnoozerskoye/627/05.

In CBA mice infected with influenza viruses A/H1N1/California/04/2009 and A/H5N1/Goose/Krasnoozerskoye/627/05 in a dose of 10 MLD, the mechanisms of death of pulmonary alveolocytes over 10 postinfection days were studied by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and morphometry. In mice infected with A/H1N1, alveolocytes died predominantly via necrosis, while apoptosis mostly employed the mitochondrial pathway. In mice infected with A/H5N1, apoptosis was the dominant mechanism of alveolocyte death proceeded via membrane receptor signaling followed by switching to FAS-mediated pathway via activation of FADD, the apoptotic signal transduction protein.

Preventive Effects of Oxidized Dextran on Functional Activity of Pulmonary Macrophages in Mice Infected with Influenza A Virus.

We analyzed cytokine profile of pulmonary macrophages in mice infected with highly pathogenic influenza A/H5N1 virus after preventive injections of oxidized dextran. Light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and morphometric examinations showed that preventive injections of oxidized dextran led to more effective virus elimination, modulation of the proinflammatory cytokine response, and host antiviral response and reduce animal mortality. Our findings allow recommending oxidized dextran for further studies in order to create a vaccine with antiviral and adjuvant potencies.

Cell Death and Development of Fibrotic Alterations in Lung Granuloma of BALB/c Mice during Chronic BCG-Induced Granulomatosis.

Light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and morphometric examinations established that cell death in lung granulomas of BCG-infected mice resulted mainly from activation of receptor-mediated apoptosis, which did not prevent the persistence of the causative agent in macrophages of the granulomas and promoted the formation of pronounced fibrosis in granulomas and pulmonary interstitium.

[Morphological and Physiological Properties of the Micromycete Arthrobotrys longa, a Producer of Longolytin, a Proteolytic Complex with a Thrombolytic Effect].

Production of proteinases with plasmin-like and plasminogen-activating activities by a micromycete Arthrobotrys longa 1 was studied. Polycyclic growth of the producer in submerged cultures was observed, with an endogenous rhythm of the periods of intense microconidia formation alternating with the phases of drastic increase in the content of producing mycelium. The highest plasminogen-like and plasminogen-activating activities (up to 1000 and 500 cond.

Studies of Influenza A/H1N1 A/Tomsk/13/2010 Virus Topology during Development of Infectious Process in Mammals.

Influenza A/H1N1 A/Tomsk/13/2010 virus registered in Siberia in 2010 proved to be an extremely pathogenic strain. Dynamic study of the topology of this influenza virus strain in the lungs, liver, kidneys, lymph nodes, and great vessels of infected mice was carried out. Influenza A virus was detected by immunohistochemical methods in cells of different histogenesis in all the studied organs throughout the observation period (days 1-30 postinfection), which indicated effective replication and long persistence of influenza A/H1N1 A/Tomsk/13/2010 virus in mammalian cells.