Subinhibitory concentrations of meropenem stimulate membrane vesicle production and modulate immune response in infection.

This study explores an adaptation mechanism of to subinhibitory concentrations of meropenem, characterized by an alteration in the production of membrane vesicles (MVs) and modulation of the host inflammatory response. Using a rat model of infection, we demonstrated a significant increase in the size of MVs accompanied by a nonsignificant increase in their number in the meropenem-treated group compared to the infected control. Both infected groups showed significantly altered hematological parameters and shifts in monocyte on day 8 (average increase of 21.

[STUDY OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF RNA-CONTAINING DRUG "RN-13" ON THE MODEL OF ACUTE TETRAHLLORMETHANE INDUCED HEPATITIS IN RATS].

The aim of the study was to assess the hepatoprotective properties of the RNA-containing drug RN-13 on the model of acute CLL4 induced hepatitis in rats. To evaluate hepatoprotective properties of the RNA-containing drug RN-13 42 female rats were used. RN-13 increases the survival rate of animals with acute tetrachloromethane hepatitis.

[Cyclic feeding regime--a new model for experimental gerontology].

The influence of specific cyclic feeding regime (CFR) providing 30% loss of body weight for 14 days and 14 days recovery period followed by the standard feeding diet in the course of 30 days, on rat life span was investigated. It has been shown that young and old animals differed in intensity loss and recovery of body weight after three cycles CFR. The mass of liver changes cyclically as well as body weight.

Cognitive mapping in humans and its relationship to other orientation skills.

Human orientation in novel and familiar environments is a complex skill that can involve numerous different strategies. To date, a comprehensive account of how these strategies interrelate at the behavioural level has not been documented, impeding the development of elaborate systems neuroscience models of spatial orientation. Here, we describe a virtual environment test battery designed to assess five of the core strategies used by humans to orient.