Suppression of Type I Interferon Signaling in Myeloid Cells by Autoantibodies in Severe COVID-19 Patients.

Purpose: Auto-antibodies (auto-abs) to type I interferons (IFNs) have been identified in patients with life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), suggesting that the presence of auto-abs may be a risk factor for disease severity. We therefore investigated the mechanism underlying COVID-19 exacerbation induced by auto-abs to type I IFNs.

Methods: We evaluated plasma from 123 patients with COVID-19 to measure auto-abs to type I IFNs.

Pneumonia due to with a chronic course resembling non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection.

is a common bacterium that rarely causes pneumonia. Determining whether is the cause of lung infection in patients suspected of having chronic infectious lung disease is challenging because it can present with colonization. We report a case of a 56-year-old immunocompetent woman suspected of having non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection on imaging examination and monitored for 3 years.

Elevated Myl9 reflects the Myl9-containing microthrombi in SARS-CoV-2-induced lung exudative vasculitis and predicts COVID-19 severity.

The mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is strongly correlated with pulmonary vascular pathology accompanied by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection-triggered immune dysregulation and aberrant activation of platelets. We combined histological analyses using field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses of the lungs from autopsy samples and single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to investigate the pathogenesis of vasculitis and immunothrombosis in COVID-19. We found that SARS-CoV-2 accumulated in the pulmonary vessels, causing exudative vasculitis accompanied by the emergence of thrombospondin-1-expressing noncanonical monocytes and the formation of myosin light chain 9 (Myl9)-containing microthrombi in the lung of COVID-19 patients with fatal disease.

Temporal characteristics of aspiration pneumonia in elderly inpatients: From resumption of oral intake to onset.

Background: Elderly inpatients who develop fevers after resumption of oral intake are often considered to have aspiration pneumonia (AP) and be tentatively fasted. Fasting has been associated with prolonged hospital stays and decreased swallowing ability. The purpose of this study was to compare AP and other infections after resumption of oral intake in elderly inpatients and to identify the clinical characteristics.

Yellow nail syndrome with massive chylothorax after esophagectomy: A case report.

Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is a rare condition characterized by the triad of yellow nails, lymphedema, and respiratory manifestations. Diuretics and thoracic drainage are often not effective in YNS, and the most effective treatments are pleurodesis and decortication/pleurectomy. A 66-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for YNS after esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction for esophageal cancer.