A CBCT Study to Evaluate the Root and Canal Morphology of Permanent Maxillary First Molars in Children.

Introduction: For the correct diagnosis and endodontic therapy, a complete understanding of root canal morphology is required. One of the causes of endodontic failure is the inability to identify every canal in the root canal system; the second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) in the permanent maxillary first molar is the most commonly missed canal. Studies examining the root canal differences in pediatric Indian populations' permanent maxillary first molars are somewhat uncommon.

Cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (COMET) and penetrating keratoplasty in long-standing severe ocular surface injury.

Ocular chemical injury is a true ophthalmic emergency requiring immediate medical intervention. Damages can be devastating and potentially resulting in blindness, corneal perforation and phthisis bulbi. We describe here a successful treatment outcome in a patient who sustained Roper-Hall Grade 4 injury to both eyes.

Vitreous cavity length in keratoconus: implications for keratoplasty.

PurposeTo compare axial length (AL) with vitreous cavity length (VCL) in patients with keratoconus and to ascertain whether graft size can be tailored to reduce myopic refractive error in patients with keratoconus undergoing penetrating keratoplasty (PK).Patients and methodsThe AL and VCL were measured prospectively in patients with keratoconus not undergoing PK (Group 1) and in normal phakic, emmetropic individuals (Group 2). A retrospective analysis of these measurements in patients with keratoconus who had undergone PK (Group 3) was also performed.

Ex vivo expanded SSEA-4+ human limbal stromal cells are multipotent and do not express other embryonic stem cell markers.

Purpose: The presence of multipotent human limbal stromal cells resembling mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) provides new insights to the characteristic of these cells and its therapeutic potential. However, little is known about the expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA-4) and the embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like properties of these cells. We studied the expression of SSEA-4 surface protein and the various ESC and MSC markers in the ex vivo cultured limbal stromal cells.

Characterization and safety assessment of bioengineered limbal epithelium.

Transplantation of cultivated limbal epithelium on substrates such as amniotic membrane is an established treatment for severe ocular surface disease with limbal stem cell deficiency. In this study, we adapted an established method to generate sheets of limbal epithelium on amniotic membrane and characterized the cells contained in these sheets and tested them for safety with regard to microbial contamination. Human limbal biopsies were cultivated on denuded amniotic membranes.