Cell lineage-specific immunohistochemical markers in biliary intraepithelial neoplasia: Implications for subclassification and grading.

Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN), a precursor to cholangiocarcinoma, is categorized into low- and high-grade based on histological characteristics. Although gastric, intestinal, and biliary phenotypes of BilIN have been identified, detailed analyses of their immunophenotypic profiles using cell lineage-specific markers remain limited. This study aimed to define the immunohistochemical profiles of BilIN lesions, subclassify them based on their immunophenotypes, and correlate these profiles with histological grades.

Potential for reducing confirmation bias using the OMP model "6-microskills" with verbalizing discordance: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: The "5-microskills" instructional method for clinical reasoning does not incorporate a step for learners' critical reflection on their predicted hypotheses. This study aimed to correct this shortcoming by inserting a third step in which learners conduct critical self-examinations and furnish evidence that contradicts their predicted hypotheses, resulting in the "6-microskills" method.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, changes in learners' confidence in their predicted hypotheses were measured and examined to modify confirmation bias and diagnoses.

A Novel ELISA System for Measuring Modified LDL-Adiponectin Complex.

Aim: Adiponectin is an anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic protein secreted primarily from adipose tissue. Adiponectin and modified LDL (mLDL) form a complex to modulate their biological activity. To elucidate the significance of the complex formation, we analyzed its effects on vascular tissue and developed and verified novel quantifying methods for adiponectin.

Vascular E-selectin Expression Recognized by the U12-12 Monoclonal Antibody as a Predictive Marker for Steroid Resistance in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-related Colitis.

In immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related colitis, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α blockade is recommended if symptoms are not alleviated with corticosteroids. Although TNF has been shown to be associated with steroid resistance, the early prediction of steroid resistance is challenging in clinical practice. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the potential of vascular E-selectin expression, which is induced by TNF, to serve as a predictor of steroid resistance in ICI-related colitis.

Effect of antiemetic corticosteroids on the development of immune-related adverse events caused by chemoimmunotherapy: a multicenter retrospective study.

Purpose: Chemoimmunotherapy is the primary treatment approach for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, it is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Corticosteroids can control irAEs through their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Dexamethasone (DEX) is a potent corticosteroid commonly used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).