[Lamellar macular holes-In the center of vitreomacular interface diseases : Pathophysiology, spontaneous courses and treatment concepts].

Background: A lamellar macular hole (LMH) is characterized by a distinct morphologic configuration and can be distinguished from related entities such as macular pseudohole (MPH) and epiretinal membrane with foveoschisis (ERM-FS) by clear morphologic features.

Purpose: Based on current knowledge, the pathophysiologic function of LMH in the spectrum of vitreomacular interface diseases will be described and therapeutic concepts will be presented.

Methods: Current studies are supplemented by case reports to provide a schematic overview of the natural history and therapeutic concepts at the vitreomacular interface.

[Epiretinal membrane: diagnostics, indications and surgical treatment].

An epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a frequently occurring disease affecting the macula, which can be associated with visual impairment and metamorphopsia, depending on the severity and location. A distinction is made between an idiopathic form caused by age-related changes of the vitreous body and a secondary form associated with diseases of the posterior segment. The development of fibrocellular epiretinal membranes formed by dedifferentiation of intraretinal and extraretinal cells at the level of the vitreomacular interface plays a major role in the pathogenesis.

Retinopathy of prematurity in Germany over 13 years: incidences, treatment preferences and effects of national guideline changes.

Objective: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading yet avoidable cause of childhood blindness. Screening for ROP is highly effective in preventing blindness secondary to ROP. We provide epidemiological data on ROP screening and treatment in Germany since 2010 and evaluate the effects of recently adopted as well as potential future screening guideline adaptations.