Implication of E3 ligase RAD18 in UV-induced mutagenesis in human induced pluripotent stem cells and neuronal progenitor cells.

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have the potential to differentiate to any of the other organs. The genome DNA integrity of PSCs is maintained by a high level of transcription for a number of genes involved in DNA repair, cell cycle and apoptosis. However, it remains unclear how high the frequency of genetic mutation is and how these DNA repair factors function in PSCs.

Variable stiffness outer sheath with "Dragon skin" structure and negative pneumatic shape-locking mechanism.

Background/purpose:    Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) offers the possibility of surgery without visible scars. To overcome the limitations of NOTES, we developed a novel surgical device called the rigid and flexible outer sheath with multi-piercing surgery (MPS).

Methods:    This sheath can switch between flexible and rigid modes using a novel "Dragon skin" structure and a negative pneumatic shape-locking mechanism.