How resistant is anammox biofilm against antibiotics: A special insight into anammox response towards fluoroquinolones.

Elevated concentrations of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the water bodies are posing a serious threat to the aquatic microbiota and other organisms. In this context, anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria carry a great potential to degrade PhACs through their innate metabolic pathways. This study investigates the influence of short-term exposure to lower and higher concentrations (0.

Enhanced anammox-mediated nitrogen removal in bioelectrochemical systems at prolonged negative electrode potentials.

Bioelectrochemical anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) systems allow eco-friendly removal of nitrogen from reject wastewater coming from biogas processing as the anammox bacteria have previously shown to have c-type cytochromes acting in the extracellular electron transport (EET) mechanism between the bacteria and electrode. The anammoxosome compartment present in anammox bacteria features a highly curved membrane and contains tubular structures along with electron-dense particles that contain iron, which could enhance the process of EET and enhance nitrogen removal by properly applied potentials. In this study, nitrogen removal was investigated in the electrostimulated anammox nitrogen removal (EANR) cells operated comparatively at open circuit and at applied potentials of - 300 mV, - 500 mV, and - 700 mV vs.

Distinct motifs in the E protein are required for SARS-CoV-2 virus particle formation and lysosomal deacidification in host cells.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused a global public health crisis. The E protein, a structural protein found in this virus particle, is also known to be a viroporin. As such, it forms oligomeric ion channels or pores in the host cell membrane.

Pharmacologic Comparison of High-Dose Hesperetin and Quercetin on MDCK II Cell Viability, Tight Junction Integrity, and Cell Shape.

The modulation of tight junction (TJ) integrity with small molecules is important for drug delivery. High-dose baicalin (BLI), baicalein (BLE), quercetin (QUE), and hesperetin (HST) have been shown to open TJs in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) II cells, but the mechanisms for HST and QUE remain unclear. In this study, we compared the effects of HST and QUE on cell proliferation, morphological changes, and TJ integrity.