Membrane vectorial lipidomic features of coral host cells' plasma membrane and lipid profiles of their endosymbionts Cladocopium.

The symbiotic relationships between coral animal host and autotrophic dinoflagellates are based on the mutual exchange and tight control of nutritional inputs supporting successful growth. The corals Sinularia heterospiculata and Acropora aspera were cultivated using a flow-through circulation system supplying seawater during cold and warm seasons of the year, then sorted into host cells and symbionts and subjected to phylogenetic, morphological, and advanced lipid analyses. Here we show, that the lipidomes of the dinoflagellates Cladocopium C1/C3 and acroporide-specific Cladocopium hosted by the corals, are determined by lipidomic features of different thermosensitivity and unique betaine- and phospholipid molecular species.

Morphology and ultrastructure of digestive system in pre-zoea and zoea I larvae of red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815).

The digestive system structure in pre-zoea and zoea I larvae of the red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus has been examined. During this development period, the digestive system consists of an esophagus, a stomach, a midgut (where the hepatopancreas ducts open), and a hindgut. The esophagus begins from the oral slit on the animal's ventral side and extends vertically up to the junction with the cardiac stomach.

Muscle Regeneration in Holothurians without the Upregulation of Muscle Genes.

The holothurian is capable of fully restoring its muscles after transverse dissection. Although the regeneration of these structures is well studied at the cellular level, the molecular basis of the process remains poorly understood. To identify genes that may be involved in the regulation of muscle regeneration, the transcriptome of the longitudinal muscle band of has been sequenced at different time periods post-injury.

Physiological processes and lipidome dynamics in the soft coral Sinularia heterospiculata under experimental bleaching.

Coral polyps host intracellular symbiotic dinoflagellates (SD). The loss of SD (referred as bleaching) under stressful environmental conditions is the main reason of coral reef destruction, and therefore, intensively studied over the world. Lipids are the structural base of biomembranes and energy reserve of corals and are directly involved in the coral bleaching.

Metalloproteinase inhibitor GM6001 delays regeneration in holothurians.

The effect of the GM6001 metalloproteinase inhibitor on the regeneration of ambulacral structures in Eupentacta fraudatrix has been investigated. Inhibition of proteinase activity exerts a marked effect on regeneration, being dependent on the time when GM6001 is injected. When administration of the inhibitor begins on day 3 post-injury, regeneration is completely abolished, and the animals die.