Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci and Antimicrobial Residues in Wastewater and Surface Water.

Due to the extensive use of antimicrobial agents in human and veterinary medicine, residues of various antimicrobials get into wastewater and, subsequently, surface water. On the one hand, a combination of processes in wastewater treatment plants aims to eliminate chemical and biological pollutants; on the other hand, this environment may create conditions suitable for the horizontal transfer of resistance genes and potential selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Wastewater and surface water samples (Morava River) were analyzed to determine the concentrations of 10 antibiotics and identify those exceeding so-called predicted no-effect environmental concentrations (PNECs).

Clonal Diversity of spp. and spp. Strains Isolated from Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most severe complications affecting mechanically ventilated patients. The condition is caused by microaspiration of potentially pathogenic bacteria from the upper respiratory tract into the lower respiratory tract or by bacterial pathogens from exogenous sources such as healthcare personnel, devices, aids, fluids and air. The aim of our prospective, observational study was to confirm the hypothesis that in the etiology of VAP, an important role is played by etiological agents from the upper airway bacterial microflora.

Analysis of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Hemato-Oncological Patients.

Enterococci are important bacterial pathogens, and their significance is even greater in the case of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). The study analyzed the presence of VRE in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of hemato-oncological patients. Active screening using selective agars yielded VRE for phenotypic and genotypic analyses.

[HPV in etiology of orofaryngeal cancer according to sexual activity].

Objective: The objective of this study is to confirm or exclude the presence of the HPV in oral cavity according to sexual activity.

Design: Prospective not blinded study.

Setting: Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinic of Obsterics and Gynecology, Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc.

[Prevalence and characteristics of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. in the human food chain].

Objectives: To monitor the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in poultry in slaughterhouses, poultry and pork liver at retail, and cows milk in Moravia. To determine the resistance of animal isolates to selected antibiotics; and to compare it with an antibiogram of human strains.