Decoding Toxoplasma gondii virulence: the mechanisms of IRG protein inactivation.

Toxoplasmosis is a common parasitic zoonosis that can be life-threatening in immunocompromised patients. About one-third of the human population is infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Primary infection triggers an innate immune response wherein IFN-γ-induced host cell GTPases, namely IRG and GBP proteins, serve as a vital component for host cell resistance.

[Peripheral Regional Anesthesia Techniques - Standards in Flux?!].

This review article provides an overview of current developments in peripheral regional anaesthesia (RA). The authors present a subjective compilation based on discussions at professional events and inquiries to the Working Group on Regional Anaesthesia of the German Society for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI). The article addresses several relevant topics, including the handling of antithrombotic medication in peripheral blockades with reference to European guidelines, the debate on the discharge timing after plexus anaesthesia, and the consideration of rebound pain as an independent pain entity following RA.

[Common and New Regional Anaesthesia Techniques Under Review - From Head to Abdomen].

By implementation of sonography regional anesthesia became more relevant in the daily practice of anesthesia and pain therapy. Due to visualized needle guidance ultrasound supports more safety during needle placement. Thereby new truncal blocks got enabled.

Nominal logistic regression analysis of variables determining needle visibility in ultrasound images - a full factorial cadaver study.

Background: Needle visualization is essential to avoid vascular puncture and nerve injury in ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia. Several factors that statistically influence needle visibility have been described but the dimensions of their individual impact remain unclear. This study aimed to quantify the impact of various independent factors on ultrasound needle visibility.