Influence of hospital size on antimicrobial resistance and advantages of restricting antimicrobial use based on cumulative antibiograms in dogs with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius infections in Japan.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (SP) and the prevalence of meticillin-resistant SP (MRSP) is increasing in dogs worldwide.

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of hospital size on antimicrobial resistance of SP and whether restricted use of antimicrobials based on antibiograms could reduce the identification of antimicrobial resistance in SP from infected dogs.

Methods And Materials: In Study 1, a total of 2,294 SP isolates from dogs with pyoderma (n = 1,858, 52 hospitals) or otitis externa (OE; n = 436, 44 hospitals) taken between 2017 and 2019 were analysed.

A late cutaneous response in actively sensitized rats: a new method for evaluating the efficacy of antiallergic drugs.

We established a new and facile model to investigate allergic mechanism and assess the effect of antiallergic compounds. Male Wistar rats were actively or passively sensitized. Active sensitization was performed by injection of both dinitrophenylated-ovalbumin (DNP-OA) and Bordetella pertussis.

Comparison between partial agonist (ME3412) and antagonist (alosetron) of 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor on gastrointestinal function.

Therapeutic use of 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT(3)) receptor antagonists for diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome may be accompanied by constipation. We hypothesized that ME3412, 5-chloro-2-(1,4-diazacycloheptan-1-yl)-7-methylbenzoxazole, a novel partial agonist of the 5-HT(3) receptor, would minimize constipation without reducing antidiarrhoeal activity. Receptor binding studies showed that ME3412 is highly selective for the human 5-HT(3) receptor (K(i) = 1.

Elevated expression of DNA polymerase kappa in human lung cancer is associated with p53 inactivation: Negative regulation of POLK promoter activity by p53.

DNA polymerase kappa (POLkappa) is a low fidelity translesional DNA polymerase implicated in spontaneous and DNA damage-induced mutagenesis. We have previously shown that POLkappa was frequently overexpressed in human lung cancer tissues as compared with their matched non-tumorous tissue counterpart. In the present study, we found a close correlation between elevated POLkappa expression and p53 inactivation in lung cancer tissues.

5-HT3-receptor antagonist inhibits visceral pain differently in chemical and mechanical stimuli in rats.

The present study was designed to compare the effects of a selective 5-HT(3)-receptor antagonist, alosetron, on the glycerol-and colorectal distention (CRD)-induced visceral nociception as measured by changes in EMG of the external oblique muscle in conscious rats. Both glycerol and CRD evoked the EMG response, and these amplified EMG were attenuated by morphine, indicating that these responses might reflect visceral nociceptive responses. In the present study, we showed that alosetron significantly attenuated the glycerol-induced visceral pain, but not that of CRD.