Effects of natural reduced water on cognitive functions in older adults: A RCT study.

Oxidative stress and diabetes increase the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Natural reduced water contains active hydrogen (hydrogen radicals), eliminates reactive oxygen species, and has antidiabetic effects. However, whether natural reduced water affects human cognitive function is unknown.

Conserved gatekeeper methionine regulates the binding and access of kinase inhibitors to ATP sites of MAP2K1, 4, and 7: Clues for developing selective inhibitors.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MAP2Ks) 1, 4, and 7 are potential targets for treating various diseases. Here, we solved the crystal structures of MAP2K1 and MAP2K4 complexed with covalent inhibitor 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (5Z7O). The elucidated structures showed that 5Z7O was non-covalently bound to the ATP binding site of MAP2K4, while it covalently attached to cysteine at the DFG-1 position of the deep ATP site of MAP2K1.

Archaeal mevalonate pathway in the uncultured bacterium Promineifilum breve belonging to the phylum Chloroflexota.

The archaeal mevalonate pathway is a recently discovered modified version of the eukaryotic mevalonate pathway. This pathway is widely conserved in archaea, except for some archaeal lineages possessing the eukaryotic or other modified mevalonate pathways. Although the pathway seems almost exclusive to the domain Archaea, the whole set of homologous genes of the pathway is found in the metagenome-assembled genome sequence of an uncultivated bacterium, Promineifilum breve, of the phylum Chloroflexota.

Total Synthesis of Bipenicilisorin and Assignment of the Absolute Configuration.

The first total synthesis of bipenicilisorin () isolated from SCSIO 41001 via its monomer natural product, penicilisorin (), was achieved. Penicilisorin was synthesized in four steps from a -bromobenzaldehyde derivative via the Pd-catalyzed one-pot fluorocarbonylation/lactonization/β-elimination cascade reaction. Iodination of penicilisorin gave 7-iodopenicilisorin which was dimerized by Pd-catalyzed homodimerization to provide (±)-bipenicilisorin.

First Total Syntheses of Beauvericin A and -Beauvericin A.

The first total syntheses of beauvericin A and -beauvericin A were achieved. -Methyl-l-phenylalanine, (2)-hydroxylvaleric acid, and (2,3)- or (2,3)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpentanoic acid were linked and cyclized to form the target natural products. The structure of synthetic beauvericin A was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis.