Novel sterilization method of Bacillus atrophaeus and Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores by low concentration chlorine dioxide gas.

Chlorine dioxide (ClO) is a powerful disinfectant widely regarded as a safe and effective hygienic agent in pharmaceutical plants and other manufacturing facilities that require sterility. However, the efficacy of low concentrations of ClO gas on sterilizing spore-forming bacteria remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated the optimal conditions for disinfection of spore-forming bacteria with low concentrations of ClO gas using biological indicators.

Initial Outcomes of Physician-Modified Inner-Branched Endovascular Repair for Distal Aortic Arch Aneurysm.

Few clinical studies have reported on physician-modified inner-branched endovascular repair (PMiBEVAR) for aortic arch aneurysm. Herein, we evaluate the outcomes of proximal landing zone 2 PMiBEVAR. This retrospective study analyzed data from six patients who underwent zone 2 PMiBEVAR for aortic arch aneurysms at a single center between October 2021 and June 2024.

Hypotheses of pathophysiological mechanisms in epileptic encephalopathies: A review.

Introduction: Epileptic encephalopathy (EE) is a serious clinical issue that manifests as part of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE), particularly in childhood epilepsy. In EE, neurocognitive functions and behavior are impaired by intense epileptiform electroencephalogram (EEG) activity. Hypotheses of pathophysiological mechanisms behind EE are reviewed to contribute to an effective solution for EE.

Successful pain control of lymphangioma-suspected lesions in pregnancy with acetaminophen and opioids: A case report and literature review.

Lymphangioma causing pain during pregnancy is not widely reported, but surgical treatment was performed in each of the reported cases. In our patient, lesions arose in the retroperitoneal cavity and caused intense pain from 17 weeks of gestation. However, surgical treatment was considered difficult because of the location of the lesion.