Evaluating the role of active TGF-β1 as inflammatory biomarker in Kashmiri (North-Indian) patients with systemic sclerosis: a case-control study.

Background: As a master immune system regulator, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is closely linked to the complicated pathophysiology and development of systemic sclerosis (SSc), a multisystem fibrotic disease.

Objective: We aim to evaluate the transcriptional levels of TGF-β1 mRNA in PBMCs, assess the TGF-β1 serum levels of SSc patients, and compare them with those of healthy subjects.

Methods: PBMCs were isolated from whole blood of 50 SSc patients and in 30 healthy controls.

Distinguishing Among Causes of Death for Patients with Kidney Failure on Hemodialysis.

Background: Patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis (HD) are at high risk of death from a variety of causes.

Methods: To identify markers (i.e.

Skin testing - A valued tool for assessing adverse reactions to anaesthetic agents in patients allergic to multiple drugs: A case report from a secondary-level hospital.

Patients with allergy to multiple drugs who have experienced anaphylaxis multiple times present a significant challenge in perioperative management. This report presents a 27-year-old female patient diagnosed with cholelithiasis scheduled for cholecystectomy. The patient has a history of adverse reaction to multiple drugs, including Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Cefpodoxime, Levofloxacin and two additional drugs (one analgesic and the other multivitamin) each resulting in symptoms suggestive of anaphylaxis on separate occasions.