Is risperidone effective in reducing challenging behaviours in individuals with intellectual disabilities after 1 year or longer use? A placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind discontinuation study.

Background: Many people with intellectual disabilities use risperidone long term for the management of challenging behaviours, despite its limited proof of effectiveness and its clear association with adverse events. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of ongoing treatment with risperidone in reducing challenging behaviours versus controlled discontinuation on behaviour and health parameters.

Method: This was a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised discontinuation trial of risperidone.

Clinical spectrum of KIAA2022 pathogenic variants in males: Case report of two boys with KIAA2022 pathogenic variants and review of the literature.

KIAA2022 is an X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) syndrome affecting males more severely than females. Few males with KIAA2022 variants and XLID have been reported. We present a clinical report of two unrelated males, with two nonsense KIAA2022 pathogenic variants, with profound intellectual disabilities, limited language development, strikingly similar autistic behavior, delay in motor milestones, and postnatal growth restriction.

[Systematic review of the side effects of benzodiazepines].

- Benzodiazepines are used frequently, despite the risk of severe side effects.- The Generic module 'Side effects; prevention, monitoring and treatment of side effects of drugs for psychiatric disorders' will be published soon. This contains recommendations for reduction in the risk for falls and fractures, cognitive problems and dependency related to the use of benzodiazepines or Z-drugs (zopiclone, zolpidem).

Physical activity assessment in patients with axial spondyloarthritis compared to healthy controls: a technology-based approach.

Introduction: Traditionally, assessment in axial Spondyloarthritis (aSpA) includes the evaluation of the capacity to execute tasks, conceptualized as physical function. The role of physical activity, defined as movement-related energy expenditure, is largely unknown and almost exclusively studied using patient-reported outcome measures. The aims of this observational cross-sectional study are to compare physical activity between patients with aSpA and healthy controls (HC) and to evaluate the contribution of disease activity to physical activity differences between groups.

Objectively-determined intensity- and domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behavior in relation to percent body fat.

Background & Aims: This study examined the independent and joint associations of overall, intensity-specific and domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behavior with bioelectrical impedance-determined percent body fat.

Methods: Physical activity was measured in 442 Flemish adults (41.4 ± 9.