Pandemic risk stemming from the bovine H5N1 outbreak: an account of the knowns and unknowns.

H5N1 subtype influenza A viruses represent a long-standing pandemic concern. Owing to their global occurrence in poultry, humans are routinely exposed to these viruses, and hundreds of human cases have been documented worldwide since 2003. The relevant viral lineages are not static, however, and have recently undergone a massive expansion of host range and geographic distribution.

Adjuvant Chemotherapy for High-Risk Stage II Colon Cancer: A Population-Based Study.

Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended as an option for patients who have high-risk features. It remains unclear whether all patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer benefit from adjuvant therapy. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the association between adjuvant chemotherapy and overall survival in patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer.

Diversity Recruitment in Cardiovascular Specialties: Barriers and Opportunities in Postgraduate Training Programs.

Background: Diversity in postgraduate training programs can be increased through program-based recruitment strategies. Prospective applicants often examine website content to determine if training programs are inclusive and offer a good fit. Poor overlap between program director recruitment goals and program website content as a barrier to recruiting a diverse physician workforce has not extensively been studied.

A transcription factor network regulates proliferation of glomerular endothelial cells in diabetic kidney disease.

The maintenance of a healthy epithelial-endothelial juxtaposition requires cross-talk within glomerular cellular niches. We sought to understand the spatially-anchored regulation and transition of endothelial and mesangial cells from health to injury in DKD. From 74 human kidney samples, an integrated multi-omics approach was leveraged to identify cellular niches, cell-cell communication, cell injury trajectories, and regulatory transcription factor (TF) networks in glomerular capillary endothelial (EC-GC) and mesangial cells.

Integration of spatial multiplexed protein imaging and transcriptomics in the human kidney tracks the regenerative potential timeline of proximal tubules.

The organizational principles of nephronal segments are based on longstanding anatomical and physiological attributes that are closely linked to the homeostatic functions of the kidney. Novel molecular approaches have recently uncovered layers of deeper signatures and states in tubular cells that arise at various timepoints on the spectrum between health and disease. For example, a dedifferentiated state of proximal tubular cells with mesenchymal stemness markers is frequently seen after injury.