Level of and factors associated with foot self-care among people with diabetes in Idlib Province of Northwest Syria: A cross-sectional study.

Background And Aims: Diabetic foot and lower limb problems are among the most neglected complications during the Syrian armed conflict due to the absence of a functioning health infrastructure, including early detection and timely management of limb-threatening wounds. This study aimed to determine self-reported diabetes-related foot disease (DRFD), adherence to recommended foot self-care (FSC) practices, and associated factors among people with diabetes in war-torn Northwest Syria (NWS).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at six primary care clinics in Idlib, NWS, between March 27 and April 17, 2022, utilizing the validated interviewer-administered Diabetes Foot Disease and Foot Care Questionnaire.

Evolution without standing genetic variation: change in transgenerational plastic response under persistent predation pressure.

Transgenerational phenotypic plasticity is a fast non-genetic response to environmental modifications that can buffer the effects of environmental stresses on populations. However, little is known about the evolution of plasticity in the absence of standing genetic variation although several non-genetic inheritance mechanisms have now been identified. Here we monitored the pea aphid transgenerational phenotypic response to ladybird predators (production of winged offspring) during 27 generations of experimental evolution in the absence of initial genetic variation (clonal multiplication starting from a single individual).

Studies on multiple feeding by Anopheles gambiae s.l. in a Sudan savanna area of north Nigeria.

The detection of haptoglobins in Anopheles gambiae s.l. has been used to obtain an estimate of the incidence of multiple feeding for the village of Barmawa, Garki District, Kano State, Nigeria.

Assessment of insecticidal impact on the malaria mosquito's vectorial capacity, from data on the man-biting rate and age-composition.

The reduction in average age of a vector population after application of a residual insecticide is commonly interpreted under the implicit assumption that the vector population is uniformly exposed to the insecticide. This assumption maximizes the calculated impact of the insecticide on the vectorial capacity. An alternative assumption, namely that the vector population is composed of two subpopulations, one endophilic and exposed, the other exophilic and not exposed, leads to a much smaller calculated impact of insecticide on the vectorial capacity.

Changing patterns in the humoral immune response to malaria before, during, and after the application of control measures: a longitudinal study in the West African savanna.

A longitudinal seroimmunological investigation of malaria was performed as part of the WHO research project conducted in the northern part of Nigeria from 1970 to 1975. The project included a preintervention phase, an intervention phase with application of malaria control measures (spraying of residual insecticide and mass drug administration), and a postintervention phase. Serological observations were made on the total population of eight villages consisting of approximately 3000 persons.