Insight into the precipitation behavior of gridded precipitation data in the Sina basin.

This paper examines the performance of three gridded precipitation data sets, namely, Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), Tropical Precipitation Measuring Mission (TRMM), and the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), for the duration of 25 years using 9 rain gauge data sets of the Sina basin, India. Statistical measures were employed to measure the performance in reproducing the rainfall and to assess its ability to detect the rainfall/no rainfall events, its structure, pattern, and spatio-temporal variations in the monthly and annual time scales. Compromise programming (CP) is used to rank the statistical performances of selected gridded precipitation data sets and found that TRMM attained first rank for the 8 stations followed by MERRA.

Neonatal hypoxic insult-mediated cholinergic disturbances in the brain stem: effect of glucose, oxygen and epinephrine resuscitation.

Molecular processes regulating cholinergic functions play an important role in the control of respiration under neonatal hypoxia. The present study evaluates neonatal hypoxic insult-mediated cholinergic alterations and the protective role of glucose, oxygen and epinephrine resuscitation. The changes in total muscarinic, muscarinic M1, M2, M3 receptors and the enzymes involved in acetylcholine metabolism--cholineacetyl transferase and acetylcholine easterase in the brain stem were analyzed.