Unraveling the clinical-pathological correlations of subjects with isolated and mixed neurodegenerative processes in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center dataset.

Although Alzheimer disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) is the most common pathology underlying clinical dementia, the presence of multiple comorbid neuropathologies is increasingly being recognized as a major contributor to the worldwide dementia burden. We analyzed 1051 subjects with specific combinations of isolated and mixed pathologies and conducted multivariate logistic regression analysis on a cohort of 4624 cases with mixed pathologies to systematically explore the independent cognitive contributions of each pathology. Alzheimer disease neuropathologic change and limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) were both associated with a primary clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) and were characterized by an amnestic dementia phenotype, while only ADNC associated with logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia (PPA).

Hyperaminoacidemia from interrupted glucagon signaling increases pancreatic acinar cell proliferation and size via mTORC1 and YAP pathways.

Increased blood amino acid levels (hyperaminoacidemia) stimulate pancreas expansion by unclear mechanisms. Here, by genetic and pharmacological disruption of glucagon receptor (GCGR) in mice and zebrafish, we found that the ensuing hyperaminoacidemia promotes pancreatic acinar cell proliferation and cell hypertrophy, which can be mitigated by a low protein diet in mice. In addition to mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, acinar cell proliferation required , the most highly expressed amino acid transporter gene in both species.

Pheromone relay networks in the honeybee: messenger workers distribute the queen's fertility signal throughout the hive.

Background: The harmonious operation of many insect societies depends upon colony-wide dissemination of a non-volatile pheromone produced by a single queen, which informs workers of her presence. This represents a major challenge in large colonies. Honeybee colonies, which can exceed 60,000 bees, are believed to solve this challenge using 'messenger' workers that actively relay the queen pheromone throughout the hive.

Does paced bottle-feeding improve the quality and outcome of bottle-feeding interactions?

Background: Responsive feeding is recommended and occurs when caregivers use infants' behavioral cues to guide the timing, pacing, and duration of feeding. Paced bottle-feeding is an approach designed to promote responsive bottle-feeding by mimicking the behavioral benefits of breastfeeding. This study evaluates the efficacy of paced bottle-feeding compared to typical bottle-feeding and breastfeeding for promoting responsive feeding and other markers of healthy feeding outcomes, such as slower feeding rates and lower likelihood of spitting up.

Using Polarization to Increase Contrast of Water OH Raman Scattering Relative to Fluorescence of Dissolved Organic Matter.

Environmental fluorescence measurements sometimes use water Raman scattering as an internal standard to compensate for path length, lensing effects, and turbidity. Fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in water may interfere strongly with the measurement of this reference. However, fluorescence in fluid solution is largely unpolarized, while the OH stretching Raman band of water is always strongly polarized.