Publications by authors named "T R W Tipton"
Article Synopsis
- The study investigated the effectiveness and safety of the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine against Zaire Ebolavirus disease among contacts of EVD survivors, focusing on the influence of pre-existing immunity on vaccination outcomes.
- Ten percent of participants had pre-existing antibodies, but both those with and without antibodies showed significant increases in IgG levels post-vaccination, indicating strong immune responses.
- The findings support the vaccine's safety and suggest that pre-vaccination antibody screening is unnecessary, as it does not negatively impact the immune response to the vaccine.
Serological surveillance in animal and human hosts can be a cost-effective strategy for orthoebolavirus detection, but is challenged by accurate estimates of seroprevalence, potential pauci-symptomatic disease presentation, and antigenic cross-reactivity. Here, we describe the use of an envelope glycoprotein (GP)-based multiplex microsphere immunoassay, consisting of nine filovirus GP antigens for the detection of anti-Ebola virus (EBOV) antibodies in a well-characterized cohort of Guinean Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors and contacts from the 2013 - 2016 West African EVD outbreak. We examined sensitivity and specificity for the detection of anti-EBOV antibodies by GP expressed as recombinant trimeric ectodomains, yielding an assay performance of 95.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Cases of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza are increasing, with a high mortality rate of 60% in humans, although no human infections have been reported in Malaysian Borneo despite circulation in local poultry and migratory birds.
- Deforestation in coastal areas may bring humans closer to these migratory birds, raising the risk of zoonotic spillover events, where diseases jump from animals to humans.
- A recent survey of over 10,000 individuals found evidence of exposure to H5 viruses, indicating potential human contact with the virus, and emphasizes the need for enhanced surveillance of cross-species pathogen transmission in areas where humans and migratory birds interact.
Human Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreaks caused by persistent EBOV infection raises questions on the role of zoonotic spillover in filovirus epidemiology. To characterise filovirus zoonotic exposure, we collected cross-sectional serum samples from bushmeat hunters (n = 498) in Macenta Prefecture Guinea, adjacent to the index site of the 2013 EBOV-Makona spillover event. We identified distinct immune signatures (20/498, 4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: A SARS-CoV-2 controlled human infection model (CHIM) has been successfully established in seronegative individuals using a dose of 1×10 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID) pre-alpha SARS-CoV-2 virus. Given the increasing prevalence of seropositivity to SARS-CoV-2, a CHIM that could be used for vaccine development will need to induce infection in those with pre-existing immunity. Our aim was to find a dose of pre-alpha SARS-CoV-2 virus that induced infection in previously infected individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF