Lateral optico-carotid recess as an anatomical landmark for optimal endoscopic optic nerve decompression.

Background: Transnasal endoscopic decompression of the optic nerve is increasingly gaining acceptance among ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgeons, however neither strict indications for the procedure nor the precise extent of effective decompression have been firmly established to date. This study aimed to determine the distance between endoscopically visible, anatomical structures within the sphenoid sinus and the posterior (i.e.

Terrestrial evidence for volcanogenic sulfate-driven cooling event ~30 kyr before the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction.

Alongside the Chicxulub meteorite impact, Deccan volcanism is considered a primary trigger for the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction. Models suggest that volcanic outgassing of carbon and sulfur-potent environmental stressors-drove global temperature change, but the relative timing, duration, and magnitude of such change remains uncertain. Here, we use the organic paleothermometer MBT' and the carbon-isotope composition of two K-Pg-spanning lignites from the western Unites States, to test models of volcanogenic air temperature change in the ~100 kyr before the mass extinction.

Effectiveness of optic nerve sheath fenestration in preserving vision in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: an updated meta-analysis and systematic review.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Optic Nerve Sheath Fenestration (ONSF) in improving visual outcomes in patients with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH).

Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted using data from 19 studies, totaling 1159 observations. The main assessed outcomes after ONSF surgery were: the improvement in visual acuity, the improvement in visual fields and reduction in papilledema.

Freshwater fish and the Cretaceous/Palaeogene boundary: a critical assessment of survivorship patterns.

Mass extinctions are major influences on both the phylogenetic structure of the modern biota and our ability to reconstruct broad-based patterns of evolutionary history. The most recent mass extinction is also the most famous-that which implicates a bolide impact in defining the Cretaceous/Palaeogene boundary (K/Pg). Although the biotic effects of this event receive intensive scrutiny, certain ecologically important and diverse groups remain woefully understudied.