Sustainable development of bioepoxy composites reinforced with recycled rigid polyurethane foam for mechanical, thermal, acoustic, and electromagnetic applications in a circular economy approach.

The accumulation of polyurethane (PU) waste presents a critical environmental challenge due to the inefficiencies of traditional disposal methods like landfilling and incineration. This study introduces a sustainable approach by repurposing 99.89% pure rigid polyurethane foam granules (~ 150 µm) as fillers (5 wt.