Influenza A Viruses in the Swine Population: Ecology and Geographical Distribution.

Despite the efforts of practical medicine and virology, influenza viruses remain the most important pathogens affecting human and animal health. Swine are exposed to infection with all types of influenza A, B, C, and D viruses. Influenza viruses have low pathogenicity for swine, but in the case of co-infection with other pathogens, the outcome can be much more serious, even fatal.

Relational ethics in immigrant families: The contextual therapy five-dimensional framework.

Contextual family therapy offers a unique explanatory and clinically valuable framework to address complex multigenerational processes in families of immigrants who experience cumulative migration-related traumas. In this paper, we offer a new extended, specific conceptualization of immigrant families' generational dynamics using existing literature within the five-dimensional contextual therapy framework illustrated with a clinical example. We highlight the importance of social and relational justice, loyalty, entitlement, and parentification in transgenerational processes in addressing manifestations of these traumas that are frequently overlooked in clinical practice with different generations of immigrant families.

Circulation of influenza viruses in the dog population in Kazakhstan (2023-2024).

Background: Dogs in close contact with humans can serve as a source of potentially dangerous reassortant influenza viruses (IVs) with zoonotic potential. The dog's body can serve as a vessel for the emergence of new IVs. These new viruses can become a source of infection for other animals and humans.

Spread of Pathogens Causing Respiratory Viral Diseases Before and During CoVID-19 Pandemic in Kazakhstan.

Analyze clinical samples collected and determine the etiology of viral pathogens and the dynamics of their spread. Acute respiratory viral infections remain one of the key health problems worldwide. They constitute etiologically independent diseases, with similar clinical infection manifestations and a single mechanism for the transmission of pathogens.

Serological studies of influenza infection among population in southern region of Kazakhstan during the 2018-2021 epidemic season.

Objective: To conduct serological studies of influenza infection rate during an epidemic.

Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the Research and Production Centre for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan, and comprised data, including blood samples, from patients with symptoms of acute respiratory viral infection, bronchitis and pneumonia during 2018-21 from various healthcare institutions in the Almaty region. Serological tests on blood serums were carried out sing haem agglutination inhibition assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.