Internal mammary perforator vessels as recipient for microvascular breast reconstruction: Technique and outcomes in 161 flaps.

Background: The use of internal mammary perforator (IMP) vessels as recipients for free flap breast reconstruction was first described in 1999. Despite numerous advantages over the internal mammary (IM) and thoracodorsal recipient vessels, their widespread use remains mired in concern. This paper describes our method of IMP vessel preparation and outcomes with regard to safety and reliability.

Radiographic views for hand fractures - call for three-view national UK guidelines - a quality improvement study.

A three-view radiographic examination (comprising of antero-posterior, oblique and lateral views) is crucial for the accurate assessment and subsequent decision-making in hand fracture management. The superiority of a three-view examination, compared to only two views, has been demonstrated by multiple studies, citing increased diagnostic accuracy and reduced rates of misdiagnosis. As such, the American College of Radiology (ACR) now recommends a standard three-view examination for finger and hand injuries; despite this, no formal guidance exists in the United Kingdom.

The Ganga Hospital experience - Correspondence.

Ganga Hospital is world renowned for its' expertise in plastic and orthopaedic surgery. The international trainee can learn a great deal from this unit which offers a high volume of cases with extremely high standards of operative techniques, unparalleled work ethos and overall patient care. In this Correspondence we will give an overview of the educational opportunities available, drawn from our own experiences.