Influence of Chain Length on the Structures and Dynamic Behavior of Alkyl-Tethered α,ω-Diphosphide Complexes of Lithium and Their Use in the Synthesis of P-Heterocyclic Stannylenes.

The alkyl-tethered α,ω-diphosphines (Dipp)PH(CH) PH(Dipp) ( n = 1 (3H), 2 (4H), 3 (5H), 4 (6H), and 5 (7H)) were prepared in good yield and characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy [Dipp = 2,6- iPrCH]. Treatment of 3H with 2 equiv of nBuLi and 2 equiv of TMEDA gives the diphosphide complex [CH{P(Dipp)}]Li(TMEDA) (3Lia), which crystallizes as discrete monomers which do not exhibit temperature-dependent NMR behavior. Treatment of 4H-7H with 2 equiv of nBuLi in THF gives the diphosphides [[CH{P(Dipp)}]]Li(THF)(OEt) (4Li), [CH{CHP(Dipp)}]Li(THF) (5Li), [{CHCHP(Dipp)}]Li(THF) (6Li), and [CH{CHCHP(Dipp)}]Li(THF)·PhMe (7Li) after crystallization.

The glomerulo-tubular junction: a target in renal diseases.

Both global and segmental glomerulopathies may damage specific areas of the renal glomerulus. Diseases associated with glomerular hyperperfusion cause lesions at the vascular pole, while diseases associated with proteinuria often damage the tubular pole. Atubular glomeruli are now known to be plentiful in a variety of common renal diseases.

Tuft-to-capsule adhesions and their precursors: differences between the vascular and tubular poles of the human glomerulus.

Human glomerular capillary tufts were removed by microdissection and scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the surface of the capillary tuft and the interior of its Bowman's capsule in order to identify connections between the tuft and capsule. Glomeruli were examined in histologically normal renal cortex from 12 kidneys removed for tumour and 12 renal allografts removed for end-stage rejection. In normal kidney, the glomerular tuft was connected to Bowman's capsule by single podocytes and their processes.

Atubular glomeruli and glomerular cysts--a possible pathway for nephron loss in the human kidney?

Glomerular tufts were removed and scanning electron microscopy was used to study the interior of Bowman's capsule, in order to identify atubular glomeruli. Normal renal cortex was studied from six kidneys removed for tumour and six renal transplants removed for end-stage rejection. Atubular glomeruli occurred in normal renal cortex in less than 1 percent of glomeruli, but were more common in transplant nephropathy, representing up to 61 percent of glomeruli.

A survey of use of unrelated volunteer donor bone marrow transplantation at 46 centres worldwide, 1989-93. International Marrow Unrelated Search and Transplant (IMUST) Study.

Unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation is increasingly used to treat haemopoietic disorders where no HLA-identical sibling is available. The International Marrow Unrelated Search and Transplant Study has collected core data on consecutive unrelated donor BMT (UD-BMT) and HLA-identical sibling donor BMT (ID-BMT) performed in 46 participating centres world-wide between March 1989 and February 1993. Eighteen UD-BMT were performed in the first 6-month period in 14 participating centres, while in the last period there were 103 UD-BMT in 46 centres.