Strong correlation between molecular changes in endometrial carcinomas and concomitant hyperplasia.

Objective: Endometrial cancer (EC) results from the accumulation of numerous genetic abnormalities contributing to the progression from hyperplasia to EC. Information on these various genetic changes has been primarily derived from studying groups of either hyperplasias or cancers.We evaluated both hyperplastic and EC tissue obtained from the same surgical specimens for KRAS mutations, microsatellite instability (MSI), and mismatch repair gene methylation, and results were correlated between the paired hyperplastic tissue and EC.

Rapid spontaneous regression of acute-onset vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia 3 in young women: a case series.

Objective: Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (VIN 3)/vulvar carcinoma in situ is currently treated by surgical excision, laser ablation, or topically with 5-fluorouracil or imiquimod. The rate of progression of untreated VIN 3/vulvar carcinoma in situ to invasive cancer is significant, although difficult to assess, because most patients undergo treatment. The peak incidence of invasive carcinoma of the vulva occurs in the sixth decade, which may indicate that human papillomavirus (HPV)-related preinvasive disease in the younger population has a lower progression rate.

Microsatellite instability and DNA methylation of endometrial tumors and clinical features in young women compared with older women.

Introduction: Molecular genetic changes in endometrial cancers are important to identify possible family cancer syndromes and thus, to facilitate appropriate screening. Most studies in this regard have focused primarily on young women. We have assayed cancers for microsatellite instability (MSI) and DNA methylation from a large group of patients younger than 50 years and a comparable group of older women.

Krukenberg tumor: metastasis of Meckel's diverticular adenocarcinoma to ovaries.

A 56-year-old female presented with abdominal pain, weight loss and fatigue. Computed tomography revealed an abdominopelvic mass and ascites. At surgery she had carcinomatosis and bilateral ovarian metastases arising from a cancer in a Meckel's diverticulum.

Symmetrical periumbilical extension of a midline incision: a simple technique.

Background: Periumbilical extension of midline incision often results in an irregular, unaesthetic scar with beveled edges.

Technique: An Allis clamp is placed at the lateral margin of the umbilicus with subsequent medial traction. This straightens the proposed periumbilical incision, resulting in a symmetrical scar.