Artificial Intelligence in Fetal and Pediatric Echocardiography.

Echocardiography is the main modality in diagnosing acquired and congenital heart disease (CHD) in fetal and pediatric patients. However, operator variability, complex image interpretation, and lack of experienced sonographers and cardiologists in certain regions are the main limitations existing in fetal and pediatric echocardiography. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), offer significant potential to overcome these challenges by automating image acquisition, image segmentation, CHD detection, and measurements.

Validation the modified subjective global nutrition assessment (mSGNA) for assessing malnutrition among hospitalized children.

Objectives: To validate a modified Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment (mSGNA) for assessing nutritional status among Vietnamese children.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Children's Hospital in Vietnam, where 200 children were assessed using mSGNA, Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment (SGNA), and a standardized method developed by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN).

Results: The mSGNA showed high accuracy with 82.

Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery in Pediatric Patients.

Purpose Of Review: We present a contemporary approach to risk assessment and management of patients with anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA).

Recent Findings: Anomalous left coronary artery from the right aortic sinus (L-AAOCA) with interarterial course carries a high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD); therefore, current guidelines recommend exercise restriction and surgical intervention. Recent data in intraseptal and juxtacommissural L-AAOCA showed inducible perfusion abnormalities, leading to consideration of surgical intervention.

Enhancing covert communication in NOMA systems with joint security and covert design.

The explosion of Internet-of-Thing enables several interconnected devices but also gives rise chance for unauthorized parties to compromise sensitive information through wireless communication systems. Covert communication therefore has emerged as a potential candidate for ensuring data privacy in conjunction with physical layer transmission to render two lines of defense. In this paper, we aim to enhance the individual transmission of nearby users in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems under scenarios of an eavesdropper who monitors covert transmission before decoding covert information.

Kartogenin Enhances Chondrogenic Differentiation of iPSC Derived MSCs (iMSCs) and Improves Outcomes in an Osteochondral Defect Model in Male Rats.

Osteochondral defects (OCD) pose a significant clinical challenge due to the limited self-repair capacity of cartilage, leading to pain, joint dysfunction, and progression to osteoarthritis. Cellular implantations of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enhanced with treatment of factors, such as small molecule Kartogenin (KGN) to promote chondrogenic differentiation, are promising but these cells often encounter hypertrophy during differentiation, compromising long-term stability. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs (iMSCs) offer greater proliferative and differentiation capacity than MSCs and may provide a superior source of cells for cartilage repair.