The bacterial and yeast microbiota in livestock forages in Hungary.

Background: Along bacteria, yeasts are common in forages and forage fermentations as spoilage microbes or as additives, yet few studies exist with species-level data on these fungi's occurrence in feedstuff. Active dry yeast and other yeast-based products are also common feed additives in animal husbandry. Here, we aimed to characterize both fermented and non-fermented milking cow feedstuff samples from Hungary to assess their microbial diversity in the first such study from Central Europe.

The Effect of Environmental Factors on Mould Counts and AFB1 Toxin Production by in Maize.

The toxins produced by can significantly inhibit the use of maize. As a result of climate change, toxin production is a problem not only in tropical and subtropical areas but in an increasing number of European countries, including Hungary. The effect of meteorological factors and irrigation on mould colonization and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) mycotoxin production by were investigated in natural conditions, as well as the inoculation with a toxigenic isolate in a complex field experiment for three years.

Advanced mycotoxin control and decontamination techniques in view of an increased aflatoxin risk in Europe due to climate change.

Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by spp. found in staple food and feed commodities worldwide. Aflatoxins are carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic, and pose a serious threat to the health of both humans and animals.

Optimization and Validation of ELISA for Aflatoxin B1 Detection in Fermented Forages and Feeds.

Enzyme-coupled immunosorbent assays (ELISA) methods are usually validated only for homogenous matrixes like corn and wheat. More complex materials like fermented forages and mixed feed are not targeted for mycotoxin measurement. The low number of ELISA methods found in the literature neither contained the pH set for fermented forages nor dealt with the setting of the matrix:solvent ratio.