Lipid nanoparticle-mediated silencing of osteogenic suppressor GNAS leads to osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vivo.

Approved drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis can prevent further bone loss but do not stimulate bone formation. Approaches that improve bone density in metabolic diseases are needed. Therapies that take advantage of the ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into various osteogenic lineages to treat bone disorders are of particular interest.

Effects of ammonia and urea in vitro on mRNA of candidate bovine endometrial genes.

Large amounts of protein intake are associated with elevated ammonia and urea concentrations in both plasma and uterine fluid in dairy cows. These increased concentrations affect successful embryo development and subsequent pregnancy establishment. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of ammonia and urea on the expression of some candidate genes in the endometrium of mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle of dairy cows.

Role of stem/progenitor cells in reparative disorders.

Adult stem cells are activated to proliferate and differentiate during normal tissue homeostasis as well as in disease states and injury. This activation is a vital component in the restoration of function to damaged tissue via either complete or partial regeneration. When regeneration does not fully occur, reparative processes involving an overproduction of stromal components ensure the continuity of tissue at the expense of its normal structure and function, resulting in a "reparative disorder".

mRNA of luteal genes associated with progesterone synthesis, maintenance, and apoptosis in dairy heifers and lactating dairy cows.

This study was performed to investigate the role of corpus luteum (CL) in reduced pregnancy rates (PR) observed in high producing lactating dairy cows. Development of CL and secretion of progesterone (P(4)) play a key role in early embryo development, implantation, and maintenance of pregnancy. Time of ovulation was synchronized in dairy heifers and second/third parity lactating dairy cows and CL enucleated surgically under local anesthesia on day 10 of the estrous cycle.

Differential mRNA expression in in vivo produced pre-implantation embryos of dairy heifers and mature cows.

Decreasing fertility with increasing parity is considered to be a major constraint in the reproductive management of dairy cows. Even though pregnancy rates (PR) in mature cows have declined drastically in the last 50 years, it has remained constant in heifers. Early embryonic loss is a major cause for the loss of pregnancy in cows.