Turbulence-induced droplet grouping and augmented rain formation in cumulus clouds.

This paper provides the first observational analysis of how droplet separation is impacted by the flinging action of microscale vortices in turbulent clouds over a select radii range and how they vary over cloud cores and along the peripheral edges. It is premised that this mechanism initiates droplet separation within a cloud volume soon after condensational growth, largely in the cloud core, and operates until the cloud droplet radii exceed 20-30 µm when this effect fades rapidly. New observations are presented showing how microscale vortices also impact the settling rates of droplets over a critical size range (6-18 µm) causing them to sediment faster than in still air affecting swept volumes and thereby impacting the rain initiation and formation.

Generalized Scaling and Model for Friction in Wall Turbulence.

We present a novel generalized scaling framework and predictive model for wall friction in turbulent flows. The scaling is derived from the dynamical equations, and total mean-flow kinetic energy and the velocity profile shape factor are used as surrogates for dynamical and boundary condition effects. Veracity of the present approach is assessed using data from the literature spanning unprecedented ranges of flow types, Reynolds numbers, accelerations, and history effects.

Characteristics of elevated aerosol layer over the Indian east coast, Kattankulathur (12.82N, 80.04°E): A northeast monsoon region.

The elevated aerosol layer (EAL) plays a vital role in weather and climate by modifying the Earth's radiation budget. In the present study, the EAL occurrence and its characteristics in the pre-monsoon season using micropulse lidar (MPL) observations during 2016-2018 and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) during 2007-2018 over Kattankulathur is being reported. We have collected 147 days (101 cases) of MPL (CALIPSO) observations during clear sky conditions in the pre-monsoon 2016-2018 (2007-2018), out of which EAL is observed for 56 days (61 cases).

Individuals' Vulnerability Based Active Surveillance for TB: Experiences from India.

Community-based active TB case finding (ACF) has become an essential part of TB elimination efforts in high-burden settings. In settings such as the state of Kerala in India, which has reported an annual decline of 7.5% in the estimated TB incidence since 2015, if ACF is not well targeted, it may end up with a less-than-desired yield, the wastage of scarce resources, and the burdening of health systems.

Clinical spectrum and neuroimaging findings in children with seizures: A five-year retrospective study.

Objectives: Seizures are the most common neurological illness in the pediatric population and account for 1% of all emergency department (ED) visits and 2% of all visits to children's hospital EDs. Pediatric epilepsy presents with various diagnostic challenges. Neuroimaging, especially structural neuroimaging and preferably MRI brain, plays an essential role in diagnosing, managing, and guiding pediatric epilepsy treatmentThe study aimed to estimate the clinical spectrum of seizures in children and examine the neuroimaging findings in children with seizures

Materials & Methods: The study was a hospital-based retrospective observational study.