Clinical profile of a Polish cohort of children and young adults with cystinuria.

Background: Cystinuria is an inherited disorder that results in increased excretion of cystine in the urine. It accounts for about 1-2% of pediatric kidney stones. In this study, we sought to identify the clinical characteristics of patients with cystinuria in a national cohort.

Citrate usage in the leading causes of blindness: new possibilities for the old metabolite.

Introduction: Citrate is an old metabolite which is best known for the role in the Krebs cycle. Citrate is widely used in many branches of medicine. In ophthalmology citrate is considered as a therapeutic agent and an useful diagnostic tool-biomarker.

Upper metastable limit osmolality of urine as a predictor of kidney stone formation in children.

High fluid intake has been universally recommended for kidney stone prophylaxis. We evaluated 24-h urine osmolality regarded as the best biomarker of optimal hydration and upper metastable limit osmolality after water evaporation from urine sample to the onset of spontaneous crystallization and its usefulness as a new risk index that would describe an individual lithogenic potential. We collected 24-h urine from 257 pediatric patients with kidney stones and 270 controls.

Determining normal values of urinary phosphorus excretion in 3913 healthy children aged 2-18 to aid early diagnosis and treatment for urolithiasis.

Aim: This study determined the specific reference values for urinary phosphorus excretion in healthy children and adolescents aged 2-18 years and evaluated whether they changed with age during growth and were gender dependent.

Methods: We enrolled 3913 healthy children and adolescents aged 2-18 years to this study. The study population was divided into age groups, and the analysis was performed in one-year periods, separately for boys and girls.

Dyslipidaemia in overweight children and adolescents is associated with an increased risk of kidney stones.

Aim: There is conflicting evidence about the role of obesity in paediatric nephrolithiasis. This Polish study explored the influence of nutritional status and lipid disturbances on urinary lithogenic factors and the risk of kidney stone formation in children and adolescents from three to 18 years of age.

Methods: We carried out serum lipid profile evaluations and 24-h urine chemistry analyses on 493 overweight/obese paediatric participants (mean age 13 years) without nephrolithiasis and 492 healthy normal weight sex and age-matched controls.