Metal hypersensitivity in hip, knee and spine surgery.

The number of implanted joint prostheses and damaged spinal components is steadily increasing. At the same time, rejection of the implanted material is observed in operated patients, which manifests itself in both skin and general reactions, as well as loosening and earlier wear of implanted prostheses, which was previously referred to as aseptic reactions. However, it has been shown that in a significant proportion of patients, rejection of implanted material may be caused by hypersensitivity to a specific metal.

[Is aseptic loosening of joint prostheses aseptic?].

The observed changes in the periarticular space may be caused by both mechanical action and biological reactions. Periprosthetic infections are the most common cause of loosening and destructive changes in the joints, however, the diagnosis of an aseptic reaction is not always fully obvious. Micromovements between the implant and the surrounding bone can cause remodeling of the bone trabeculae and migration of fibroblasts into the voids between the implant surface and the bone.

[Pro-health cycle lane versus environmental pollution and trauma].

A bicycle as a mean of transport and recreation, but is it a healthy lifestyle? The construction of numerous cycle lanes in cities and promotion of physical activity aims to encourage the public to move around by bicycle. The aim of mass cycling is to reduce car exhaust emissions and, on the other hand, to improve public health. The paper presents the potential benefits of cycling, but also its negative effects on the human body.

Management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during COVID-19.

COPD is one of the risk factors for contracting COVID-19. Good management of patients, appropriate treatment with inhaled preparations, including inhaled glucocorticosteroids, with simultaneous monitoring concomitant infections, and the use of vaccinations allow to reduce the risk of developing COVID-19. At the same time, it is necessary to limit the performance of spirometric tests to reduce the probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

[Recognizing Alzheimer's disease in daily practice].

Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of great practical importance. The process of differentiating a disease with symptoms of dementia caused by another pathology of the nervous system is based on a subjective assessment. The pathogenesis of AD emphasizes the importance of neuropil beta-amyloid deposition in the brain and the tau protein inside neurons, which is found 20 years before the onset of clinical symptoms of the disease.