Low-dose and ultra-low-dose estradiol and dydrogesterone in postmenopause: an analysis by body mass index.

Objective: Oral, low-dose and ultra-low-dose continuous combined 17β-estradiol (E) plus dydrogesterone (D) reduce vasomotor symptoms (VMS) in postmenopausal women.

Methods: Two phase 3, double-blind studies were included. In the European study, postmenopausal women were randomized 2:1:2 to receive E0.

Burden of migraine in Brazil: A cross-sectional real-world study.

Objective: To assess the burden and consequences of migraine in Brazil in terms of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), work productivity and daily activities, and healthcare resource utilization (HRU).

Background: Despite existing data on how migraine affects populations worldwide, there are limited data on the burden of migraine in Latin America.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used patient-reported data from the 2018 Brazil National Health and Wellness Survey.

Mutation Testing: Changing Patterns of Molecular Testing in Brazil.

Background: In Brazil, cancer is the second most common cause of death. Most patients in resource-limited countries are diagnosed in advanced stages. Current guidelines advocate for mutation testing in all patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma.

Acute Coronary Syndrome Treatment Costs from the Perspective of the Supplementary Health System.

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is defined as a "group of clinical symptoms compatible with acute myocardial ischemia", representing the leading cause of death worldwide, with a high clinical and financial impact. In this sense, the development of economic studies assessing the costs related to the treatment of ACS should be considered.

Objective: To evaluate costs and length of hospital stay between groups of patients treated for ACS undergoing angioplasty with or without stent implantation (stent+ / stent-), coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) and treated only clinically (Clinical) from the perspective of the Brazilian Supplementary Health System (SHS).

European medical schools and tobacco.

Following a survey in 19 European countries of the habits, attitudes and knowledge of medical students regarding tobacco, World Health Organisation European Office and the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease jointly circulated to the Deans of all European medical schools a summary of the results, including figures for mortality for smoking-related diseases in their countries and a brief questionnaire concerning faculty action on the tobacco problem. The response rate was just over 50%, higher in Northern Europe (66%) than in Southern (35%) or Eastern (38%). Only 8% of faculties had a specific teaching module on tobacco.