Developing a single-stage continuous process strategy for vitamin B production with Propionibacterium freudenreichii.

Background: Vitamin B is a widely used compound in the feed and food, healthcare and medical industries that can only be produced by fermentation because of the complexity of its chemical synthesis. Besides, the use of Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) and Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) microorganisms, like Propionibacterium freudenreichii, especially non-GMO wild-type producers, are becoming an interesting alternative in markets where many final consumers have high health and ecological awareness. In this study, the production of vitamin B using the Propionibacterium freudenreichii NBRC 12391 wild-type strain was characterized and optimized in shake flasks before assessing several scale-up strategies.

Bioprocess Strategies for Vitamin B Production by Microbial Fermentation and Its Market Applications.

Vitamin B is a widely used compound in the feed and food, healthcare and medical industries that can only be produced by fermentation because of the complexity of its chemical synthesis. For this reason, finding better producer strains and optimizing their bioprocesses have been the main focus of industrial producers over the last few decades. In this review, we initially provide a historical overview of vitamin B research and the main biosynthetic characteristics of the two microorganism families typically used for its industrial production: several strains of and strains related to Later, a complete summary of the current state of vitamin B industrial production as well as the main advances and challenges for improving it is detailed, with a special focus on bioprocess optimization, which aims not only to increase production but also sustainability.

A toxin-antitoxin module as a target for antimicrobial development.

The emergence and spread of pathogenic bacteria that have become resistant to multiple antibiotics through lateral gene transfer have created the need of novel antimicrobials. Toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules, which have been implicated in plasmid maintenance and stress management, are ubiquitous among plasmids from vancomycin or methicillin resistant bacteria. In the Streptococcus pyogenes pSM19035-encoded TA loci, the labile epsilon antitoxin binds to free zeta toxin and neutralizes it.

A community outbreak of Legionnaires' disease associated with a cooling tower in Vic and Gurb, Catalonia (Spain) in 2005.

We report the investigation of a community-acquired outbreak of Legionnaires' disease. An epidemiological, environmental, and meteorological investigation was undertaken. Fifty-five cases were reported in October and November 2005.

[Community outbreak of pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila: importance of monitoring hospital cooling towers].

Objective: Description of an outbreak of legionnaires' disease originating in one of the cooling towers of a hospital.

Patients And Methods: This study included patients with confirmed pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and related to the Vallcarca neighborhood of Barcelona (Spain) in August 2004. Exposure was determined by a standardized questionnaire.