Rats and mice rapidly update timed behaviors.

Keeping track of time intervals is a crucial aspect of behavior and cognition. Many theoretical models of how the brain times behavior make predictions for steady-state performance of well-learned intervals, but the rate of learning intervals in these models varies greatly, ranging from one-shot learning to learning over thousands of trials. Here, we explored how quickly rats and mice adapt to changes in interval durations using a serial fixed-interval task.

Stereoelectronic Tuning of Bioinspired Nonheme Iron(IV)-Oxo Species by Amide Groups in Primary and Secondary Coordination Spheres for Selective Oxygenation Reactions.

Two mononuclear iron(II) complexes, [(6-amide-BPMEN)Fe](OTf) () and [(6-amide-Me-BPMEN)Fe(OTf)](OTf) (), supported by two BPMEN-derived (BPMEN = ,-dimethyl-,-bis(pyridine-2-yl-methyl)ethane-1,2-diamine) ligands bearing one or two amide functionalities have been isolated to study their reactivity in the oxygenation of C-H and C═C bonds using isopropyl 2-iodoxybenzoate (Pr-IBX ester) as the oxidant. Both and contain six-coordinate high-spin iron(II) centers in the solid state and in solution. The 6-amide-BPMEN ligand stabilizes an = 1 iron(IV)-oxo intermediate, [(6-amide-BPMEN)Fe(O)] ().

Development of the treatment preference in myelodysplasia questionnaire for clinicians, carers, and patients.

This study reports the development activities for the Treatment Preference Myelodysplasia Questionnaires (TPMQ) for clinicians (mTPMQ), carers (cTPMQ), and patients (pTPMQ). These tools are intended to evaluate treatment preferences for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). This was a non-interventional, cross-sectional qualitative interview study consisting of interviews with clinicians, patients, and those caring for patients with MDS.

Real-world study of the use of azacitidine in myelodysplasia in Australia.

Hypomethylating agents are the most widely used upfront therapy for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who are not suitable for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In Australia, azacitidine was, until recently, the only approved and subsidized treatment for patients with intermediate-2 and high-risk MDS, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and low blast acute myeloid leukemia. We analyzed prescription data to evaluate the real-world persistence and overall survival (OS) of patients prescribed azacitidine for the first time in Australia.

Cobalt Catalyzed α-Hydroxylation of Arylacetic Acid Equivalents with Dioxygen.

A cobalt catalyst, under oxidative conditions, facilitates the single electron transfer process in -pyridyl arylacetamides to form α-carbon-centered radicals that readily react with molecular oxygen, giving access to mandelic acid derivatives. In contrast to the known benzylic hydroxylation approaches, this approach enables chemo- and regioselective hydroxylation at a benzylic position adjacent to (-pyridyl)amides. Mild conditions, broad scope, excellent selectivity, and wide synthetic practicality set up the merit of the reaction.