Salivary cortisol, testosterone, and T/C ratio responses during a 36-hole golf competition.

The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of 36 continuous holes of competitive golf on salivary testosterone, cortisol, and testosterone-to-cortisol ratio and their relation to performance in eight elite male collegiate golfers (age 20.3 [+/- 1.5] years).

Effects of laboratory versus field exercise on leukocyte subsets and cell adhesion molecule expression in children.

In adults, exercise is a powerful and natural stimulator of immune cells and adhesion molecules. Far less is known about these exercise responses during childhood and whether or not exercise in real-life activities of healthy children might influence immune responses. We compared laboratory exercise (10 x 2 min periods of heavy, constant intensity, cycle ergcometer exercise with 1 min rests between exercise in nine subjects, aged 9-15 years) with field exercise (90 min soccer practice in nine different subjects, aged 9-11 years).