Background: Timely antibiotic initiation is critical to sepsis management, but there are limited data on the impact of giving β-lactams first vs vancomycin first amongst patients prescribed both agents.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all adults admitted to 5 US hospitals from 2015-2022 with suspected sepsis (blood culture collected, antibiotics administered, and organ dysfunction) treated with vancomycin and a broad-spectrum β-lactam within 24h of arrival. We estimated associations between β-lactam vs vancomycin first strategies and in-hospital mortality using inverse probability weighting (IPW) to adjust for potential confounders.
Objectives: To characterize associations between race/ethnicity/sex, time-to-antibiotics, and mortality in patients with suspected sepsis or septic shock.
Design: Retrospective cohort study, with race/ethnicity/sex as the exposure, and time-to-antibiotics (relative to emergency department arrival) and in-hospital mortality as the outcome.
Setting: Five Massachusetts hospitals.