The active ingredients of a mitotoxic fungicide negatively affect pollen consumption and worker survival in laboratory-reared honey bees (Apis mellifera).

Recent observations of many sublethal effects of pesticides on pollinators have raised questions about whether standard short-term laboratory tests of pesticide effects on survival are sufficient for pollinator protection. The fungicide Pristine® and its active ingredients (25.2% boscalid, 12.

Colony field test reveals dramatically higher toxicity of a widely-used mito-toxic fungicide on honey bees (Apis mellifera).

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) and other pollinator populations are declining worldwide, and the reasons remain controversial. Based on laboratory testing, fungicides have traditionally been considered bee-safe. However, there have been no experimental tests of the effects of fungicides on colony health under field conditions, and limited correlational data suggests there may be negative impacts on bees at levels experienced in the field.

Use of detomidine hydrochloride as an adjunct for studying first-stage Gasterophilus intestinalis (Diptera: Gasterophilidae) in the tongue of the horse.

A synthetic alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, detomidine hydrochloride, was used in the study of in vivo activity of Gasterophilus intestinalis (Diptera: Gasterophilidae) during migration in the tongue of the horse. Use of the drug allowed the investigator to manipulate the tongue and closely observe the movement patterns and tissue disturbance caused by burrowing first-stage larvae. Detomidine hydrochloride should be utilized in studies of drug efficacy and larval biology, whenever possible, to avoid the need to sacrifice the horse.

Field observations of the host-parasite relationship associated with the common horse bot fly, Gasterophilus intestinalis.

Behavior of Gasterophilus intestinalis (Diptera: Gasterophilidae) was observed in the laboratory and field over a period of 10 years. Mating occurred in a frenzied manner as flies emerged from pupae. Males attempted to copulate with females that had not fully emerged from the pupal case.

Morphology of a newly discovered sensory array on the mouthhooks of Gasterophilus larvae.

The distal mouthhooks of Gasterophilus intestinalis (DeGeer) (Diptera: Gasterophilidae) and G. nasalis (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Gasterophilidae) larvae were studied with scanning electron microscopy to determine the morphology of a previously unknown sensory array. The design of the 3rd stage G.