[Case of a Pleomorphic Carcinoma Successfully Treated with Nivolumab and Ipilimumab].

A 70-year-old man was referred to our hospital for an abnormal chest X-ray shadow. A chest CT scan showed a mass shadow with a cavitary lesion in segment 6 of the right lung. One year after radical resection(resection of the lower lobe of the right lung; pT2aN0M0, pStage ⅠB), the patient exhibited enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes and liver metastases, and postoperative recurrence was determined.

Unraveling the potential structure of a Parnassius butterfly in Japan: Insights into the expansion history.

The Japanese Archipelago consists of a series of isolated yet interconnected islands off the Eurasian continent. The linear topography of the archipelago presents a unique biogeographic context for the dispersal of organisms from the continent. In this study, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation were employed to elucidate the dispersal history of the Japanese clouded butterfly (Parnassius glacialis) across the Japanese Archipelago, including the northern island (Hokkaido), the main island (Honshu), and Shikoku Island.

Ofatumumab for multiple sclerosis with disability accumulation.

Background: The ASCLEPIOS/APLIOS/APOLITOS/ALITHIOS trials highlighted the benefits of ofatumumab in reducing relapse rates and disability progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, its effects on patients with severe disability status remains uncertain. This study aimed to clarify the outcomes of ofatumumab in MS patients with high Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores and prolonged disease durations.

Hornerin expressed on endothelial cells via interacting with thrombomodulin modulates vascular inflammation and angiogenesis.

Thrombomodulin is predominantly expressed on vascular endothelial cells and modulates endothelial cell functions by interacting with multiple ligands. The specific thrombomodulin receptor or cofactor active on the endothelial cell surface remains elusive. This study aims to identify interacting partners of thrombomodulin on endothelial cells.

Trends in novel antiandrogen receptor signal inhibitor use and medical costs in prostate cancer.

Objective: We aimed to examine trends in novel antiandrogen receptor signal inhibitor (ARSI) usage and medical costs by collecting real-world big data included in The National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) Open Data, covering most of the clinical practices throughout Japan.

Methods: Usage data for outpatient prescriptions from 2016 to 2021 were extracted from the NDB Open Data. Among the 459,610 million tablets/capsules prescribed, prostate cancer-specific agents (bicalutamide, estramustine phosphate, flutamide, abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide) were selected to investigate the trends of usage and medical costs.