Formation of Apoplastic Barriers to Radial O₂ Loss in Rice Roots: Effects of Low-O₂ and High-Fe Conditions, and the Roles of Suberin, Glycerol Esters, and Iron Plaques.

Lack of O and high concentrations of iron (Fe) are common in flooded soils where Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is cultivated. We tested the hypothesis that growing in stagnant or high Fe conditions might induce the formation of apoplastic barriers in roots with different properties and chemical compositions.

DFT-SCRF Calculations of Nitrogen Isotopic Reduced Partition Function Ratios for Amino Acids in Aqueous Solution at pH 7.4.

Using the self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) method, the nitrogen isotopic reduction partition function ratio (RPFR), a fundamental physical quantity for theoretical consideration of equilibrium isotope effects, was evaluated by density functional theory (DFT) for 20 proteinogenic and two related amino acids under physiological conditions at pH 7.4. At this pH value, all amino acids were of the zwitterion-type form with α-NH and α-COO groups, regardless of the net charge of -1 (monoanion), 0 (zwitterion), or +1 (monocation).

Structural changes of mesophyll cells in the rice leaf tissue in response to salinity stress based on the three-dimensional analysis.

Rice leaf blades have intricate-shaped mesophyll cells (MCs) with a large volume of chloroplasts enhancing gas exchange between stroma and intercellular airspace (IAS). Since the rice MCs do not form palisade or spongy tissue cells and are considered monotypic cells, the structural analysis of MCs in the middle part of the leaf tissue has been done, neglecting the various shapes of MCs can be observed on the cross-section of rice leaves. Moreover, the middle MC layer is sandwiched between the upper and lower layers and is more restricted in its demand for light and CO entering from the outside.

Applicability of self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) method to DFT estimation of hydrogen isotope separation factors in reversible processes.

In earlier quantum chemical calculations of isotope effects, chemical species in the liquid phase were generally treated as existing in the gas phase. In recent years, however, advances in computational programs have made it easier for the self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) method to handle chemical species in the liquid phase, and as a result, it has become easier to apply the SCRF method to isotope effect calculations. This paper concerns the scope of application of the DFT-SCRF method to reversible processes for hydrogen isotope enrichment.

The Japanese Pediatric Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (jpCRRT) Registry: Study Protocol.

Background: The use of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in critically ill children is rapidly increasing, but the standard of care has not yet been established and prognosis remains poor. To develop optimal CRRT strategies, we launched a research project generating the Japanese Pediatric CRRT registry, a multicenter registry of CRRT in Japanese pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), to investigate the actual status of CRRT in recent years in PICUs, where data are lacking.

Methods: This manuscript presents a protocol for planning a multicenter prospective registry.