Low-inflammatory lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccine elicits protective immunity against H5N1 influenza virus with reduced adverse reactions.

Messenger RNA vaccines based on lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNPs) are promising vaccine modalities. However, mRNA-LNP vaccines frequently cause adverse reactions such as swelling and fever in humans, partly due to the inflammatory nature of LNP. Modification of the ionizable lipids used in LNPs is one approach to avoid these adverse reactions.

Neutralizing antibody responses and cellular responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients.

Although the mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has improved the mortality rate in the general population, its efficacy against rapidly mutating virus strains, especially in kidney transplant recipients, remains unclear. We examined the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody titers and cellular immunity against B.1.

SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immune Responses in Vaccination and Infection during the Pandemic in 2020-2022.

To gain insight into how immunity develops against SARS-CoV-2 from 2020 to 2022, we analyzed the immune response of a small group of university staff and students who were either infected or vaccinated. We investigated the levels of receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific and nucleocapsid (N)-specific IgG and IgA antibodies in serum and saliva samples taken early (around 10 days after infection or vaccination) and later (around 1 month later), as well as N-specific T-cell responses. One patient who had been infected in 2020 developed serum RBD and N-specific IgG antibodies, but declined eight months later, then mRNA vaccination in 2021 produced a higher level of anti-RBD IgG than natural infection.

Comprehensive Immunophenotyping by Polychromatic Cytometry.

The human immune system comprises a diverse array of cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity, and these immune cells coordinate immune responses against pathogens through intricate interactions. Multicolor flow cytometry is a powerful technique for qualitatively and quantitatively measuring the characteristics of immune cells, offering advantages, such as high-dimensional analysis, elucidation of cellular heterogeneity, understanding of pathogenesis, development of therapeutic strategies, and platform flexibility. Here, we demonstrate a new immunophenotyping panel that allows simultaneous evaluation of the characteristics of T and B cells.