Substance use and associated factors among Debre Berhan University students, Central Ethiopia.

Background: Being a global burden of youths, substances use is unhealthy behavior that exposes youths to health and social problems. Knowledge of the prevalence and predictors of substance use behavior among university students is important for designing periodic and locally appropriate interventions. This study is conducted to assess the prevalence and predicators of substances among Debre Berhan University students.

Immunostimulatory effects of polar glycopeptidolipids of Mycobacterium chelonae for inactivated rabies vaccine.

Humoral and cellular immune responses were analyzed with Fuenzalida-Palacios rabies vaccine associated with pGPL-Mc, polar glycopeptidolipids extracted from Mycobacterium chelonae, aiming at its use as adjuvant. These results were compared to those obtained with BCG, a well-known immunostimulator, under the same conditions. Rabies vaccine plus pGPL-Mc (2.

Pregnancies modulate B lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis during murine ageing.

We recently reported that pregnancy affects age-related changes in the distribution of lymphoid and macrophage populations in the spleen of C57Bl/6 mice. In the present study, we examined the influence of pregnancies on the generation of various developmental B-cell subsets and granulocyte/macrophage lineage cells during murine ageing. Using flow cytometry, changes in lymphoid (mature and early B-cell precursors: B220high, B220low, surface immunoglobulin M (sIgM) mu chain +/-) and myeloid (monocyte/macrophage Mac-1/CD11b, granulocyte Gr-1/Ly-6G) compartments were monitored in the bone marrow of young (2 months) and 15- and 23-month-old mice including male, multiparous and virgin female mice.

Sex and parity modulate cytokine production during murine ageing.

We have previously shown that physiological hormone differences related to pregnancy or sex affect the age-related distribution of mononuclear cell populations during murine ageing. To determine whether such changes are involved in the age-related changes in functions of T cells, we examined the secretion of major T cell immunoregulatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-3, IL-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)) of in vitro concanavalin A-activated spleen cells of C57B1/6 mice. The study included multiparous and virgin females and males at 2, 8, 15 and 23 months of age.

Surface antigen expression in spleen cells of C57B1/6 mice during ageing: influence of sex and parity.

So far all studies on the murine ageing process have been conducted on virgin mice. Immune ageing may be influenced by sex hormone differences related to sex or pregnancies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pregnancies and gender influence the cell changes observed during ageing in a peripheral lymphoid compartment of C57B1/6 mice.