Adolescent Ethanol Exposure Alters Cholinergic Function and Apical Dendritic Branching Within the Orbital Frontal Cortex.

During adolescence, heavy binge-like ethanol consumption can lead to frontocortical structural and functional impairments. These impairments are likely driven by adolescence being a critical time point for maturation of brain regions associated with higher-order cognitive functioning. Rodent models of heavy binge-like ethanol exposure show consistent disruptions to the typical development of the prefrontal cortex (PFC).

Preliminary evaluation of epidural morphine for treatment of heroin withdrawal.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of epidural morphine in treating heroin withdrawal in patients who failed to detoxify by the other methods.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Department of Psychiatry of a general hospital.

A gene for autosomal recessive spondylocostal dysostosis maps to 19q13.1-q13.3.

In spondylocostal dysostosis (SD), vertebral-segmentation defects are associated with rib anomalies. This results in short-trunk short stature, nonprogressive kyphoscoliosis, and radiological features of multiple hemivertebrae and rib fusions. SD can be familial, and both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance have been reported, but no genes have been identified or localized for nonsyndromic SD in humans.