Models and Biomarkers for Local Response Prediction in Early-Stage and Oligometastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Using Machine Learning.

Background A minority of patients receiving stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are not good responders. Radiomic features can be used to generate predictive algorithms and biomarkers that can determine treatment outcomes and stratify patients to their therapeutic options. This study investigated and attempted to validate the radiomic and clinical features obtained from early-stage and oligometastatic NSCLC patients who underwent SBRT, to predict local response.

Radiomics As Biomarkers for the Treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: A Review of Concepts.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is currently the alternative for inoperable early-stage and oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. While most patients are good responders among this specific group, some patients do not experience the benefits of this treatment. Even though physicians use clinical variables and semantic radiological features to make treatment decisions, medical images contain a wealth of personalized pathophysiological information that can be extracted and used for clinical decision support systems.

Generalization optimizing machine learning to improve CT scan radiomics and assess immune checkpoint inhibitors' response in non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: Recent developments in artificial intelligence suggest that radiomics may represent a promising non-invasive biomarker to predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Nevertheless, validation of radiomics algorithms in independent cohorts remains a challenge due to variations in image acquisition and reconstruction. Using radiomics, we investigated the importance of scan normalization as part of a broader machine learning framework to enable model external generalizability to predict ICI response in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients across different centers.

Concurrent Lapatinib With Brain Radiation Therapy in Patients With HER2+ Breast Cancer With Brain Metastases: NRG Oncology-KROG/RTOG 1119 Phase 2 Randomized Trial.

Purpose: Lapatinib plus whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) was hypothesized to improve the 12-week intracranial complete response (CR) rate compared with either option of radiation therapy (RT) alone for patients with brain metastases (BM) from human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer.

Methods And Materials: This study included patients with HER2+ breast cancer with ≥1 measurable, unirradiated BM. Patients were randomized to WBRT (37.

Second-line treatment outcomes after progression from first-line chemotherapy plus immunotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Chemotherapy plus immunotherapy is the standard of care for patients with metastatic NSCLC. No study has evaluated the outcomes of second-line chemotherapy treatments after progression following first-line chemo-immunotherapy.

Method: This multicenter retrospective study evaluated the efficacy of second line (2L) chemotherapies after progression under first-line (1L) chemo-immunotherapy, measured by overall survival (2L-OS) and progression free survival (2L-PFS).