Predictive Performance of Vancomycin Trough Concentrations in Patients With Diabetes With Microalbuminuria.

Background: The performance of a population pharmacokinetic model in predicting trough concentrations after the initial vancomycin dose was evaluated in patients with albuminuria compared with patients who did not have albuminuria.

Methods: Data were collected from 52 patients infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (excluding patients undergoing dialysis and acute kidney injury) and treated with vancomycin. The data included urinary albumin concentration.

Command Surface of Self-Organizing Structures by Radical Polymers with Cooperative Redox Reactivity.

Robust radical-substituted polymers with ideal redox capability were used as "command surfaces" for liquid crystal orientation. The alignment of the smectic liquid crystal electrolytes with low-dimensional ion conduction pathways was reversible and readily switched in response to the redox states of the polymers. In one example, a charge storage device with a cooperative redox effect was fabricated.

The polymorphisms in the thyroid peroxidase gene were associated with the development of autoimmune thyroid disease and the serum levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody.

Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's disease (HD) are well known autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), and the severity and intractability of AITDs varies among patients. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is a thyroid-specific antigen. The levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were higher in patients with HD and may be associated with thyroid destruction.

Association of the polymorphisms in the gene encoding thyroglobulin with the development and prognosis of autoimmune thyroid disease.

Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's disease (HD) are autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), and the prognosis of AITDs is different for each patient. We examined the association of polymorphisms in the Thyroglobulin (TG) gene with the pathogenesis of AITD. We genotyped TG rs180195G/A, rs853326G/A, rs2076740C/T, rs2703013G/T, rs2958692C/T and rs733735A/G polymorphisms in 137 HD patients, 131 GD patients and 89 healthy controls and also examined the levels of TG mRNA expression and serum TG.

Synthesis of Dimethyl-Substituted Polyviologen and Control of Charge Transport in Electrodes for High-Resolution Electrochromic Displays.

Electrochromic (EC) polymers such as polyviologens have been attracting considerable attention as wet-processable electrodes for EC displays, thanks to their brilliant color change accompanied with reversible redox reactions. To establish wider usage, achieving multicolor and high-resolution characteristics is indispensable. In this paper, we demonstrated that the introduction of substituents such as methyl groups into bipyridine units changed the stereostructure of the cation radicals, and thus shifted the color (e.