Managing extreme AI risks amid rapid progress.

Preparation requires technical research and development, as well as adaptive, proactive governance.

Alcohol-related emergency department presentations and hospital admissions around the time of minimum unit pricing in Ireland.

Background: Minimum unit pricing (MUP) was recently introduced in Ireland to reduce alcohol-related harms. The size of the impact of alcohol on hospital emergency departments (EDs) in Ireland is poorly understood due to inconsistent alcohol screening and documentation.

Aims: We sought to systematically characterise the volume, timing, and nature of alcohol-related presentations and admissions to a busy urban ED in Dublin, Ireland.

Meta-analysis: Impact of intragastric balloon therapy on NAFLD-related parameters in patients with obesity.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease affecting approximately 25% of adults in the western world. Intragastric balloon (IGB) is an endoscopic bariatric therapy -a therapeutic endoscopic tool that has shown promise in inducing weight loss. Its role in the treatment of NAFLD is yet to be established.

Proactive Contact Tracing.

The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred an unprecedented demand for interventions that can reduce disease spread without excessively restricting daily activity, given negative impacts on mental health and economic outcomes. Digital contact tracing (DCT) apps have emerged as a component of the epidemic management toolkit. Existing DCT apps typically recommend quarantine to all digitally-recorded contacts of test-confirmed cases.

Self-reported beta-lactam allergy in government and private hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa.

Background: Up to a quarter of inpatients in high-income countries (HICs) self-report beta-lactam allergy (BLA), which if incorrect,increases the use of alternative antibiotics, worsening individual health outcomes and driving bacterial resistance. In HICs, up to 95% ofself-reported BLAs are incorrect. The epidemiology of BLA in low- and middle-income African countries is unknown.