Formation of Uranyl Peroxide Compounds via Dissolution of Studtite, [(UO)(O)(HO)](HO), in Ionic Liquids.

Four uranyl peroxide compounds with novel structures were formed following the dissolution of studtite, [(UO)(O)(HO)](HO), in imidazolium-based ionic liquids. The compounds were characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The ionic liquids used in the experiments were 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIm) diethyl phosphate, EMIm ethyl sulfate, and EMIm acetate.

Origin and Development of Interstitial Cells of Cajal.

The digestive tract is a series of organs with specific functions and specialized anatomy. Each organ is organized similarly with concentric layers of epithelial, connective, smooth muscle, and neural tissues. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are distributed in smooth muscle layers and contribute to the organization of repetitive and rhythmic smooth muscle contractions.

Actinide Sulfate Structures from Caustic Solvents.

Four unique actinide sulfates were synthesized using solvothermal techniques with strong acids. The first plutonium(III) sulfate structure, Pu(HSO), was synthesized and is isostructural with analogous lanthanide-based frameworks. A similar synthesis approach yielded crystals of NpNa(HSO)(SO), which has a comparable framework to the Pu(III) compound, but the neptunium metal is tetravalent and sodium is incorporated into the structure, as confirmed by chemical analysis.

Direct Analysis of HIV mRNA mA Methylation by Nanopore Sequencing.

The post-transcriptional processing and chemical modification of HIV RNA are understudied aspects of HIV virology, primarily due to the limited ability to accurately map and quantify RNA modifications. Modification-specific antibodies or modification-sensitive endonucleases coupled with short-read RNA sequencing technologies have allowed for low-resolution or limited mapping of important regulatory modifications of HIV RNA such as N-methyladenosine (mA). However, a high-resolution map of where these sites occur on HIV transcripts is needed for detailed mechanistic understanding.

Critical shear stress of sunken, No. 6 heavy fuel oil in fresh water.

A series of flume- and laboratory-based experiments defined and quantified the thresholds of sunken oil transport using No.6 heavy fuel oil mixed with kaolinite clay. When the sunken oil became mobile, the current-induced bed shear stress exceeded a threshold value specific to the oil, known as critical shear stress (CSS).